2つの要因のうち、1つが被験者間要因、もう1つが被験者内要因である分散分析を混合計画と言います。 たとえば、生徒の学習形態（一斉指導、e ラーニング、アクティブラーニング）の違いが課題の理解に影響するかどうかを調べたいとします。

独立変数が2つの場合に用いるのが2要因の分散分析です。2要因以上の分散分析では、主効果と交互作用の2つについて検討しますが、特に交互作用が重要となります。 主効果とは、個々の独立変数がそれぞれに従属変数に対して与える単純効果です。

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'data.frame': 72 obs. of 5 variables: $ plot : int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... $ rep : Factor w/ 3 levels "R1","R2","R3": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ block: Factor w/ 6 ...