🌟 虹夏：「エビデンスの質って、交絡（Confounding）の影響も考えないといけないんだよね？」 🎸 りょー：「そう。特に『残存交絡（Residual Confounding）』がどう働くかによって、エビデンスの質が上がることもある。」 👀 残存交絡（Residual Confounding）とは？

Objectives To adjust for confounding in observational data, researchers use propensity score matching (PSM), but more advanced methods might be required when dealing with longitudinal data and ...

The epidemiological concept of confounding has had a convoluted history. It was first expressed as an issue of group non-comparability, later as an uncontrolled fallacy, then as a controllable fallacy ...

A Confounder is a variable whose presence affects the variables being studied so that the results do not reflect the actual relationship. There are various ways to exclude or control confounding ...

Confounding is a major issue in observational studies, and it is a bias that needs to be corrected, controlled or adjusted for whatever your research question is. In this lecture we will review the ...

The mechanisms by which childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) affects adult mental health, general health, and well-being are not clear. Moreover, the analytical assumptions employed when assessing ...

What is a confounding factor? To understand the phenomenon of “confounding,” one needs to consider the potential relation between an exposure (e.g., novel surgical technique) and an outcome (e.g., ...