Nov. 3 -- Probability and risk increasingly permeate our lives. Like it or not, we must be able to assess the threats and opportunities that face us. Here's a random sampling of half a dozen ...

Abstract: A rough membership function uses counting probability (ratio of cardinal numbers) to define a membership. An extension, called granular membership function (GMF), generalizes the counting ...

Studies axioms, counting formulas, conditional probability, independence, random variables, continuous and discrete distribution, expectation, moment generating functions, law of large numbers, ...

Abstract: For the detection of weak signals, photon counting technology has attracted much attention. In this paper, a method based on photon counting is experimentally demonstrated to realize corona ...